Around the same time far south on the Eastern Front, Russian forces routed the Austro-Hungarian army. The battle at the Masurian Lakes was not as one-sided as Tannenburg had been. However, this advantage was bought at a cost: the newly arrived corps had been sent from the Western front and their absence would be felt in the upcoming Battle of the Marne. The German XVII Corps had met their counterpart, the Russian II Corps, but were at this point outnumbered. 2014. The success of the Battle of Masurian Lakes, coming so soon after Tannenburg, did a great deal to raise even further the profile of Hindenburg and Ludendorff in Germany. The Austro-Hungarians would emerge from the Carpathian Mountain passes to attack the Russians by driving toward Lemberg. The German commander had ordered his wings to quicken their march as much as possible, but a trivial accident—a rumor of a Russian counterattack—cost the Germans half a day's march, allowing the Russians to escape to the east. The Russian offensive in East Prussia had started well enough, with General Paul von Rennenkampf's First Army (Army of the Neman) forcing the Eighth Army westward from the border towards Königsberg. [11], The Germans besieged the Russian fortress at Osowiec, but were unable to take it. [3] By February 1915, thirty-six percent of the German field army was in the east.
Meanwhile, the 3rd Reserve Division had engaged the Russians' XXII Corps even further south, and after a fierce battle forced them to fall back southeastward; its commander wired Rennenkampf he had been attacked and defeated near Lyck, and could do nothing but withdraw. Two divisions were left behind to slow down the German advance and to allow the Russians the opportunity to withdraw unhindered.eval(ez_write_tag([[580,400],'historylearningsite_co_uk-medrectangle-4','ezslot_14',114,'0','0'])); By September 13th, Rennenkampf had achieved this orderly withdrawal but Russia had pulled all of her troops out of East Prussia. The Russians counterattacked with eleven divisions under a single corps commander, losing 40,000 men in three days.
As the battle unfolded and the danger to the Second Army became clear, the First Army finally responded by sending units to help.
Meanwhile, new German corps (under von der Goltz) were able to use this movement to safely move into position to harass the scattered remains of the Second Army, while far to the southwest the new German Ninth was forming up. Meanwhile, the Russian Second Army invaded from the south, hoping to cut the Germans off in the area around the city but making slow progress against a single German army corps.
He was able to safely ignore the Russian right (in the north), which was in front of the extensive defensive works outside of Königsberg. His forces also included two infantry divisions held in reserve. Of course, the Germans were also far away, but unlike the Russians, the Germans could easily close the distance using their rail network in the area. Further south, Alexander von Linsingen's offensive had failed with severe losses, and the fortress at Przemysl had been forced to surrender to the Russians. Henceforth, the Austro-Hungarians and Germans would work together more closely (see the Gorlice–Tarnów Offensive).
However, the Germans did not stop to reform their lines but instead continued their advances in the south and north.
In East Prussia, further Russian incursions were blocked by trench lines extending between the Masurian Lakes; they were held by the German Eighth Army, commanded by General Otto von Below. Russia at War: From the Mongol Conquest to Afghanistan, Chechnya, and Beyond.
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