Sie können hier natürlich eine eigene Farbpalette erstellen, indem Sie entweder Hex-Codes oder Farbennamen angeben. Where ggplot2 is better for sure. ggplot2 is a R package dedicated to data visualization. aes() Construct aesthetic mappings `+` `%+%` Add components to a plot. #> `stat_bin()` using `bins = 30`. Dies ist vielleicht nicht ganz einfach zu verstehen, deshalb betrachten wir gleich ein konkretes Beispiel. Nachdem Sie dieses Kapitel durchgearbeitet haben, sind Sie in der Lage, selber Lösungen für grafische Darstellungen zu finden. No idea why, but on R-bloggers there are no plotly graphshttp://www.r-bloggers.com/…That’s why I keep making photos of them when I write about plotly http://r-addict.com/2017/11…Although, very interesting time comparison. And the plot created by qplot [p <- qplot(etc)] can be modified by any of the full commands ggplot2 provides, which is handy (they are all stored the same way, no matter how they were created).
Wrapping this as a ggplot object inside ggplotly() we obtain this…, {"x":{"data":[{"x":[1969,1970,1971,1972,1973,1974,1975,1976,1977,1978,1979,1980,1981,1982,1983,1984,1985,1986,1987,1988],"y":[192.379516784263,199.760068460181,191.206117520794,174.833779443255,168.842413182331,170.128306949289,169.264251207729,170.054984473712,178.845794643336,179.128192745224,188.006285253828,193.825565198757,195.298415256514,197.978726833199,195.687939833468,196.803332261867,202.259145850121,202.024281493419,204.84614558152,209.674595521269],"text":["year: 1969
mean: 192.4
year: 1969","year: 1970
mean: 199.8
year: 1970","year: 1971
mean: 191.2
year: 1971","year: 1972
mean: 174.8
year: 1972","year: 1973
mean: 168.8
year: 1973","year: 1974
mean: 170.1
year: 1974","year: 1975
mean: 169.3
year: 1975","year: 1976
mean: 170.1
year: 1976","year: 1977
mean: 178.8
year: 1977","year: 1978
mean: 179.1
year: 1978","year: 1979
mean: 188.0
year: 1979","year: 1980
mean: 193.8
year: 1980","year: 1981
mean: 195.3
year: 1981","year: 1982
mean: 198.0
year: 1982","year: 1983
mean: 195.7
year: 1983","year: 1984
mean: 196.8
year: 1984","year: 1985
mean: 202.3
year: 1985","year: 1986
mean: 202.0
year: 1986","year: 1987
mean: 204.8
year: 1987","year: 1988
mean: 209.7
year: 1988"],"type":"scatter","mode":"markers","marker":{"autocolorscale":false,"color":["rgba(19,43,67,1)","rgba(22,49,75,1)","rgba(25,55,84,1)","rgba(29,62,92,1)","rgba(32,68,101,1)","rgba(35,75,110,1)","rgba(39,82,119,1)","rgba(42,89,128,1)","rgba(46,96,138,1)","rgba(49,103,147,1)","rgba(53,110,157,1)","rgba(56,117,166,1)","rgba(60,124,176,1)","rgba(63,131,186,1)","rgba(67,139,196,1)","rgba(71,146,206,1)","rgba(75,154,216,1)","rgba(78,162,226,1)","rgba(82,169,237,1)","rgba(86,177,247,1)"],"opacity":1,"size":5.66929133858268,"symbol":"circle","line":{"width":1.88976377952756,"color":["rgba(19,43,67,1)","rgba(22,49,75,1)","rgba(25,55,84,1)","rgba(29,62,92,1)","rgba(32,68,101,1)","rgba(35,75,110,1)","rgba(39,82,119,1)","rgba(42,89,128,1)","rgba(46,96,138,1)","rgba(49,103,147,1)","rgba(53,110,157,1)","rgba(56,117,166,1)","rgba(60,124,176,1)","rgba(63,131,186,1)","rgba(67,139,196,1)","rgba(71,146,206,1)","rgba(75,154,216,1)","rgba(78,162,226,1)","rgba(82,169,237,1)","rgba(86,177,247,1)"]}},"hoveron":"points","showlegend":false,"xaxis":"x","yaxis":"y","hoverinfo":"text","frame":null},{"x":[1970],"y":[170],"name":"99_12558db06f67453096d1fa70a9d28d73","type":"scatter","mode":"markers","opacity":0,"hoverinfo":"none","showlegend":false,"marker":{"color":[0,1],"colorscale":[[0,"#132B43"],[0.0526315789473684,"#16314B"],[0.105263157894737,"#193754"],[0.157894736842105,"#1D3E5C"],[0.210526315789474,"#204465"],[0.263157894736842,"#234B6E"],[0.315789473684211,"#275277"],[0.368421052631579,"#2A5980"],[0.421052631578947,"#2E608A"],[0.473684210526316,"#316793"],[0.526315789473684,"#356E9D"],[0.578947368421053,"#3875A6"],[0.631578947368421,"#3C7CB0"],[0.684210526315789,"#3F83BA"],[0.736842105263158,"#438BC4"],[0.789473684210526,"#4792CE"],[0.842105263157895,"#4B9AD8"],[0.894736842105263,"#4EA2E2"],[0.947368421052632,"#52A9ED"],[1,"#56B1F7"]],"colorbar":{"bgcolor":"rgba(255,255,255,1)","bordercolor":"transparent","borderwidth":1.88976377952756,"thickness":23.04,"title":"year","titlefont":{"color":"rgba(0,0,0,1)","family":"","size":14.6118721461187},"tickmode":"array","ticktext":["1970","1975","1980","1985"],"tickvals":[0.0526315789473684,0.315789473684211,0.578947368421053,0.842105263157895],"tickfont":{"color":"rgba(0,0,0,1)","family":"","size":11.689497716895},"ticklen":2,"len":0.5}},"xaxis":"x","yaxis":"y","frame":null}],"layout":{"margin":{"t":24.7671232876712,"r":7.30593607305936,"b":38.7214611872146,"l":43.1050228310502},"plot_bgcolor":"rgba(235,235,235,1)","paper_bgcolor":"rgba(255,255,255,1)","font":{"color":"rgba(0,0,0,1)","family":"","size":14.6118721461187},"xaxis":{"domain":[0,1],"type":"linear","autorange":false,"tickmode":"array","range":[1968.05,1988.95],"ticktext":["1970","1975","1980","1985"],"tickvals":[1970,1975,1980,1985],"ticks":"outside","tickcolor":"rgba(51,51,51,1)","ticklen":3.65296803652968,"tickwidth":0.66417600664176,"showticklabels":true,"tickfont":{"color":"rgba(77,77,77,1)","family":"","size":11.689497716895},"tickangle":-0,"showline":false,"linecolor":null,"linewidth":0,"showgrid":true,"gridcolor":"rgba(255,255,255,1)","gridwidth":0.66417600664176,"zeroline":false,"anchor":"y","title":"year","titlefont":{"color":"rgba(0,0,0,1)","family":"","size":14.6118721461187},"hoverformat":".2f"},"yaxis":{"domain":[0,1],"type":"linear","autorange":false,"tickmode":"array","range":[166.800804065384,211.716204638216],"ticktext":["170","180","190","200","210"],"tickvals":[170,180,190,200,210],"ticks":"outside","tickcolor":"rgba(51,51,51,1)","ticklen":3.65296803652968,"tickwidth":0.66417600664176,"showticklabels":true,"tickfont":{"color":"rgba(77,77,77,1)","family":"","size":11.689497716895},"tickangle":-0,"showline":false,"linecolor":null,"linewidth":0,"showgrid":true,"gridcolor":"rgba(255,255,255,1)","gridwidth":0.66417600664176,"zeroline":false,"anchor":"x","title":"mean","titlefont":{"color":"rgba(0,0,0,1)","family":"","size":14.6118721461187},"hoverformat":".2f"},"shapes":[{"type":"rect","fillcolor":null,"line":{"color":null,"width":0,"linetype":[]},"yref":"paper","xref":"paper","x0":0,"x1":1,"y0":0,"y1":1}],"showlegend":false,"legend":{"bgcolor":"rgba(255,255,255,1)","bordercolor":"transparent","borderwidth":1.88976377952756,"font":{"color":"rgba(0,0,0,1)","family":"","size":11.689497716895}},"hovermode":"closest"},"source":"A","attrs":{"17eb6600a26a":{"x":{},"y":{},"colour":{},"type":"ggplotly"}},"cur_data":"17eb6600a26a","visdat":{"17eb6600a26a":["function (y) ","x"]},"config":{"modeBarButtonsToAdd":[{"name":"Collaborate","icon":{"width":1000,"ascent":500,"descent":-50,"path":"M487 375c7-10 9-23 5-36l-79-259c-3-12-11-23-22-31-11-8-22-12-35-12l-263 0c-15 0-29 5-43 15-13 10-23 23-28 37-5 13-5 25-1 37 0 0 0 3 1 7 1 5 1 8 1 11 0 2 0 4-1 6 0 3-1 5-1 6 1 2 2 4 3 6 1 2 2 4 4 6 2 3 4 5 5 7 5 7 9 16 13 26 4 10 7 19 9 26 0 2 0 5 0 9-1 4-1 6 0 8 0 2 2 5 4 8 3 3 5 5 5 7 4 6 8 15 12 26 4 11 7 19 7 26 1 1 0 4 0 9-1 4-1 7 0 8 1 2 3 5 6 8 4 4 6 6 6 7 4 5 8 13 13 24 4 11 7 20 7 28 1 1 0 4 0 7-1 3-1 6-1 7 0 2 1 4 3 6 1 1 3 4 5 6 2 3 3 5 5 6 1 2 3 5 4 9 2 3 3 7 5 10 1 3 2 6 4 10 2 4 4 7 6 9 2 3 4 5 7 7 3 2 7 3 11 3 3 0 8 0 13-1l0-1c7 2 12 2 14 2l218 0c14 0 25-5 32-16 8-10 10-23 6-37l-79-259c-7-22-13-37-20-43-7-7-19-10-37-10l-248 0c-5 0-9-2-11-5-2-3-2-7 0-12 4-13 18-20 41-20l264 0c5 0 10 2 16 5 5 3 8 6 10 11l85 282c2 5 2 10 2 17 7-3 13-7 17-13z m-304 0c-1-3-1-5 0-7 1-1 3-2 6-2l174 0c2 0 4 1 7 2 2 2 4 4 5 7l6 18c0 3 0 5-1 7-1 1-3 2-6 2l-173 0c-3 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using plot_ly() give us this…, {"x":{"visdat":{"17eb57dccc07":["function () ","plotlyVisDat"]},"cur_data":"17eb57dccc07","attrs":{"17eb57dccc07":{"y":{},"x":{},"color":{},"alpha":1,"sizes":[10,100],"type":"scatter"}},"layout":{"margin":{"b":40,"l":60,"t":25,"r":10},"xaxis":{"domain":[0,1],"title":"year"},"yaxis":{"domain":[0,1],"title":"mean"},"hovermode":"closest","showlegend":false,"legend":{"y":0.5,"yanchor":"top"}},"source":"A","config":{"modeBarButtonsToAdd":[{"name":"Collaborate","icon":{"width":1000,"ascent":500,"descent":-50,"path":"M487 375c7-10 9-23 5-36l-79-259c-3-12-11-23-22-31-11-8-22-12-35-12l-263 0c-15 0-29 5-43 15-13 10-23 23-28 37-5 13-5 25-1 37 0 0 0 3 1 7 1 5 1 8 1 11 0 2 0 4-1 6 0 3-1 5-1 6 1 2 2 4 3 6 1 2 2 4 4 6 2 3 4 5 5 7 5 7 9 16 13 26 4 10 7 19 9 26 0 2 0 5 0 9-1 4-1 6 0 8 0 2 2 5 4 8 3 3 5 5 5 7 4 6 8 15 12 26 4 11 7 19 7 26 1 1 0 4 0 9-1 4-1 7 0 8 1 2 3 5 6 8 4 4 6 6 6 7 4 5 8 13 13 24 4 11 7 20 7 28 1 1 0 4 0 7-1 3-1 6-1 7 0 2 1 4 3 6 1 1 3 4 5 6 2 3 3 5 5 6 1 2 3 5 4 9 2 3 3 7 5 10 1 3 2 6 4 10 2 4 4 7 6 9 2 3 4 5 7 7 3 2 7 3 11 3 3 0 8 0 13-1l0-1c7 2 12 2 14 2l218 0c14 0 25-5 32-16 8-10 10-23 6-37l-79-259c-7-22-13-37-20-43-7-7-19-10-37-10l-248 0c-5 0-9-2-11-5-2-3-2-7 0-12 4-13 18-20 41-20l264 0c5 0 10 2 16 5 5 3 8 6 10 11l85 282c2 5 2 10 2 17 7-3 13-7 17-13z m-304 0c-1-3-1-5 0-7 1-1 3-2 6-2l174 0c2 0 4 1 7 2 2 2 4 4 5 7l6 18c0 3 0 5-1 7-1 1-3 2-6 2l-173 0c-3 0-5-1-8-2-2-2-4-4-4-7z m-24-73c-1-3-1-5 0-7 2-2 3-2 6-2l174 0c2 0 5 0 7 2 3 2 4 4 5 7l6 18c1 2 0 5-1 6-1 2-3 3-5 3l-174 0c-3 0-5-1-7-3-3-1-4-4-5-6z"},"click":"function(gd) { \n // is this being viewed in RStudio?\n if (location.search == '?viewer_pane=1') {\n alert('To learn about plotly for collaboration, visit:\\n https://cpsievert.github.io/plotly_book/plot-ly-for-collaboration.html');\n } else {\n window.open('https://cpsievert.github.io/plotly_book/plot-ly-for-collaboration.html', '_blank');\n }\n }"}],"cloud":false},"data":[{"y":[192.379516784263,199.760068460181,191.206117520794,174.833779443255,168.842413182331,170.128306949289,169.264251207729,170.054984473712,178.845794643336,179.128192745224,188.006285253828,193.825565198757,195.298415256514,197.978726833199,195.687939833468,196.803332261867,202.259145850121,202.024281493419,204.84614558152,209.674595521269],"x":[1969,1970,1971,1972,1973,1974,1975,1976,1977,1978,1979,1980,1981,1982,1983,1984,1985,1986,1987,1988],"type":"scatter","mode":"markers","marker":{"colorbar":{"title":"year","ticklen":2},"cmin":1969,"cmax":1988,"colorscale":[["0","rgba(68,1,84,1)"],["0.0416666666666587","rgba(70,19,97,1)"],["0.0833333333333293","rgba(72,32,111,1)"],["0.125","rgba(71,45,122,1)"],["0.166666666666659","rgba(68,58,128,1)"],["0.208333333333329","rgba(64,70,135,1)"],["0.25","rgba(60,82,138,1)"],["0.291666666666671","rgba(56,93,140,1)"],["0.333333333333329","rgba(49,104,142,1)"],["0.375","rgba(46,114,142,1)"],["0.416666666666671","rgba(42,123,142,1)"],["0.458333333333341","rgba(38,133,141,1)"],["0.5","rgba(37,144,140,1)"],["0.541666666666671","rgba(33,154,138,1)"],["0.583333333333329","rgba(39,164,133,1)"],["0.625","rgba(47,174,127,1)"],["0.666666666666659","rgba(53,183,121,1)"],["0.708333333333341","rgba(79,191,110,1)"],["0.75","rgba(98,199,98,1)"],["0.791666666666671","rgba(119,207,85,1)"],["0.833333333333329","rgba(147,214,70,1)"],["0.875","rgba(172,220,52,1)"],["0.916666666666671","rgba(199,225,42,1)"],["0.958333333333329","rgba(226,228,40,1)"],["1","rgba(253,231,37,1)"]],"showscale":false,"color":[1969,1970,1971,1972,1973,1974,1975,1976,1977,1978,1979,1980,1981,1982,1983,1984,1985,1986,1987,1988],"line":{"color":"transparent"}},"xaxis":"x","yaxis":"y","frame":null},{"x":[1969,1988],"y":[168.842413182331,209.674595521269],"type":"scatter","mode":"markers","opacity":0,"hoverinfo":"none","showlegend":false,"marker":{"colorbar":{"title":"year","ticklen":2,"len":0.5,"y":1,"lenmode":"fraction","yanchor":"top"},"cmin":1969,"cmax":1988,"colorscale":[["0","rgba(68,1,84,1)"],["0.0416666666666587","rgba(70,19,97,1)"],["0.0833333333333293","rgba(72,32,111,1)"],["0.125","rgba(71,45,122,1)"],["0.166666666666659","rgba(68,58,128,1)"],["0.208333333333329","rgba(64,70,135,1)"],["0.25","rgba(60,82,138,1)"],["0.291666666666671","rgba(56,93,140,1)"],["0.333333333333329","rgba(49,104,142,1)"],["0.375","rgba(46,114,142,1)"],["0.416666666666671","rgba(42,123,142,1)"],["0.458333333333341","rgba(38,133,141,1)"],["0.5","rgba(37,144,140,1)"],["0.541666666666671","rgba(33,154,138,1)"],["0.583333333333329","rgba(39,164,133,1)"],["0.625","rgba(47,174,127,1)"],["0.666666666666659","rgba(53,183,121,1)"],["0.708333333333341","rgba(79,191,110,1)"],["0.75","rgba(98,199,98,1)"],["0.791666666666671","rgba(119,207,85,1)"],["0.833333333333329","rgba(147,214,70,1)"],["0.875","rgba(172,220,52,1)"],["0.916666666666671","rgba(199,225,42,1)"],["0.958333333333329","rgba(226,228,40,1)"],["1","rgba(253,231,37,1)"]],"showscale":true,"color":[1969,1988]},"xaxis":"x","yaxis":"y","frame":null}],"highlight":{"on":"plotly_click","persistent":false,"dynamic":false,"selectize":false,"opacityDim":0.2,"selected":{"opacity":1}},"base_url":"https://plot.ly"},"evals":["config.modeBarButtonsToAdd.0.click"],"jsHooks":{"render":[{"code":"function(el, x) { var ctConfig = crosstalk.var('plotlyCrosstalkOpts').set({\"on\":\"plotly_click\",\"persistent\":false,\"dynamic\":false,\"selectize\":false,\"opacityDim\":0.2,\"selected\":{\"opacity\":1}}); }","data":null}]}}.
Um die Grafik zu speichern, müssen wir also unser fertiges ggplot2 Objekt einer Variablen zugewiesen haben: In dieser Übungsaufgabe wollen wir die sechs Selbstwirksamkeitsskalen im jugendliche Datensatz untersuchen. In ggplot2, the definition of a geom was somewhat blurred, because of things like geom_histogram() which combined geom_bar() with stat_bin(). geom_line(). Diesen Zusammenhang könnten wir auf verschiedene Arten grafisch darstellen: mit Punkten, einem Boxplot oder einem Violin-Plot. Here we will plot the min, mean and max births on each day. It's sufficiently simple, and the defaults quite reasonable, that I have my undergraduate students use it exclusively and they can produce excellent plots with limited experience. Employer planning on making a change that I'm prepared to quit over. Nun stellen wir zwei Variablen eines Datensatzes gemeinsam dar. You will get enough practice with the syntax and will (eventually) save time with qplot. (Interesting to see the diversity of answers! Using ggvis() without adding any layers is analogous to qplot(). Die Syntax funktioniert so: Wir “addieren” zu dem Plot-Objekt p ein geom: p + geom_. Die Standard Farbpalette ist jedoch für Farbenblinde äusserst schlecht geeignet. It can greatly improve the quality and aesthetics of your graphics, and will make you much more efficient in creating them. Wenn wir feststellen, dass ein Mapping nicht für alle “Layers” gelten soll, dann können wir es für jede “Layer” individuell definieren, anstatt in der ggplot() Funktion: Wir können auch mehrere “Layers” verwenden. Dies erreichen wir mit dem Argument base_size = SCHRIFTGRÖSSE) der theme_* Funktionen.
Eine weitere Möglichkeit wäre, die zentrale Tendenz und Streuung der Daten mit einem Boxplot- oder Violin-Diagramm darzustellen. “The answer of course is no” seems like a very strong, and incorrect statement.
Diese Funktion hat als erstes Argument einen Dataframe. If you were to look at old company reports from the 1970s, you would find the same standard graphical techniques everyone is familiar with today: pie and bar charts, boxplots, scatter plots and time lines. How can it be valued and how can it be marked out? On average ggplotly() is 143 times slower than plot_ly(), with the max run time being 0.547 seconds! Die Bestimmung der binwidth hängt natürlich von der Skala der Variablen ab und sollte weder zu fein noch zu grob sein. Wir könnten die Farben auch so ‘von Hand’ bestimmen: Ein weiterer heikler Punkt ist der graue Hintergrund, den ggplot2 automatisch wählt.
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