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A novel 3-D unsteady model is established based on the water film runback dynamic mechanism and phase transition thermodynamic model and solved by a loosely coupled method. All rights reserved. The water droplet in clouds may remain in a liquid state even if the temperature is below freezing point due to the surface tension and a lack of condensation nucleus.
Review articles are excluded from this waiver policy. (5)Repeat steps (2)–(4) until convergence, calculate ice accretion at the moment, and advance to the next time step. Over the last two years, we’d cancelled several flights due to icing or potential icing. [The figure] shows how ice often affects the coefficient of lift for an airfoil. All systems are designed for a minimum anti-ice endurance of 2.5 hours. When ice has accumulated on the leading edges, the antifreeze solution will chemically break down the bond between the ice and airframe, allowing the aerodynamic forces on the ice to carry it away. Simulated ice shape following NASA experiment. Aircraft icing is one of the serious threats to aircraft safety. (4)However, there are several factors not yet considered, including the ice shedding mechanism, the contact thermal resistance between multilayer materials, and the anisotropy of material properties. The Thermawing system only provides leading-edge ice protection with a hot prop option. Therefore, the unsteady water mass term is neglected, and the continuity equation is derived by integrating the differential form in a control volume. The environment conditions are listed in Table 3.
where is the melting rate and is the solidification latent heat. Glaze ice is denser, harder, and sometimes more transparent than rime ice. Flow rates are designed for this level of performance, regardless of the certification basis for the system. At the first stage (0–100 s), only the heat blade is activated. The environment conditions would strongly affect the solid temperature distribution, the water film runback, and phase transition. A loosely coupled method is applied to solve the deicing model. During the first stage (0–75 s), the structure temperature at the leading edge increases due to the activated heat blade, and the temperature of the heat blade reaches 289 K as is shown in Figure 12(a). Due to the periodic power density, spatial distribution of heaters, and sustained droplet impingement, phase transition phenomena, such as evaporation, solidification, liquefaction, and sublimation, may coexist on the surface of the protection area, which makes it complex and typically unsteady.
Immediate diversion is necessary. DE Witt, and W. B. Wright, “Efficient numerical simulation of a one-dimensional electrothermal deicer pad,”, S. Chang, S. Ai, X. Huo, and X. Yuan, “Improved simulation of electrothermal de-icing system,”, J. Fu, W. Zhuang, B. Yang, and S. Chang, “Simulation of heating control law of electrothermal deicing of helicopter rotor blade,”, A. D. Yaslik, K. J. Piston powered aircraft normally rely on electrical power to supply the heat.
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Everything here is from the references shown below, with a few comments in an alternate color. This runback effect keeps ice accumulation in check aft of the panels, from runback or from impact of larger water droplets.
The optimization of heat sequence can be conducted by means of numerical simulation.
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